1.依赖

		<!--二维码-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>core</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.google.zxing</groupId>
            <artifactId>javase</artifactId>
            <version>3.3.3</version>
        </dependency>

2.代码

package com.example.test_demo.or_code;

import com.google.zxing.BarcodeFormat;
import com.google.zxing.WriterException;
import com.google.zxing.common.BitMatrix;
import com.google.zxing.qrcode.QRCodeWriter;
import lombok.Builder;
import lombok.Data;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

public class QRCodeGenerator {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String url = "http://www.sgbox.ai/?invate=07549892";
        try {
            createORCode build = createORCode.builder()
                    .url(url)
                    .width(350)
                    .height(350)
                    .sourcePath("C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\宣传图.png")
                    .writing("恭喜233333333")
                    .writingPathX(20)
                    .writingPathY(20)
                    .targetPathX(50)
                    .targetPathY(50)
                    .fontType("SimSun")
                    .fontStyle(Font.BOLD)
                    .fontSize(20)
                    .build();
            byte[] imageBytes = generateQRCodeImage(build);
            System.out.println("二维码生成并合成成功！");
        } catch (WriterException | IOException e) {
            System.err.println("二维码生成失败：" + e.getMessage());
        }
    }
    
    /**
     * 生成二维码并合成图片，返回字节数组
     * @return 组合图 byte数组
     */
    public static byte[] generateQRCodeImage(createORCode orCode)
            throws WriterException, IOException {
        QRCodeWriter qrCodeWriter = new QRCodeWriter();
        BitMatrix bitMatrix = qrCodeWriter.encode(orCode.getUrl(), BarcodeFormat.QR_CODE, orCode.getWidth(), orCode.getHeight());
        BufferedImage qrImage = makeQRCodeTransparent(bitMatrix, orCode.getWidth(), orCode.getHeight());
        return toBufferedImage(orCode.getSourcePath(), qrImage, orCode.getWriting(), orCode.getTargetPathX(), orCode.targetPathY, orCode.fontType, orCode.fontStyle, orCode.getFontSize(), orCode.getWritingPathX(), orCode.getWritingPathY());
    }

    /**
     * 将二维码的白色背景变为透明
     */
    private static BufferedImage makeQRCodeTransparent(BitMatrix bitMatrix, int width, int height) {
        BufferedImage image = new BufferedImage(width, height, BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_ARGB);
        for (int x = 0; x < width; x++) {
            for (int y = 0; y < height; y++) {
                if (bitMatrix.get(x, y)) {
                    image.setRGB(x, y, Color.BLACK.getRGB());
                } else {
                    image.setRGB(x, y, new Color(0, 0, 0, 0).getRGB());
                }
            }
        }
        return image;
    }

    /**
     * 合成二维码到背景图片上，并返回合成后的字节数组
     *
     * @param sourcePath 背景图片路径
     * @param qrImage 生成的二维码图片
     * @param writing 添加的文字
     * @param targetPathX 二维码x轴位置
     * @param targetPathY 二维码y轴位置
     * @param fontType 字体类型
     * @param fontStyle 字体样式
     * @param fontSize 字体大小
     * @param writingPathX 文字x轴位置
     * @param writingPathY 文字y轴位置
     * @return 合成后的图片字节数组
     */
    public static byte[] toBufferedImage(String sourcePath, BufferedImage qrImage, String writing,
                                         int targetPathX, int targetPathY, String fontType, int fontStyle,
                                         int fontSize, int writingPathX, int writingPathY) {
        try {
            BufferedImage source = ImageIO.read(new File(sourcePath));

            // 在背景图片上绘制二维码
            Graphics2D g2d = source.createGraphics();
            g2d.drawImage(qrImage, targetPathX, targetPathY, null);

            // 添加文字
            g2d.setFont(new Font(fontType, fontStyle, fontSize));
            g2d.setColor(Color.RED);
            g2d.drawString(writing, writingPathX, writingPathY);
            g2d.dispose();

            ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
            ImageIO.write(source, "png", baos);
            ImageIO.write(source, "png", new File("C:\\Users\\lenovo\\Desktop\\output.jpg"));
            baos.flush();
            byte[] imageBytes = baos.toByteArray();
            baos.close();

            return imageBytes;
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Data
    @Builder
    public static class createORCode{
        // 网址
        private String url;
        // 二维码宽度
        private int width;
        // 二维码高度
        private int height;
        // 背景图片位置
        private String sourcePath;
        // 添加的文字
        private String writing;
        // 二维码x轴位置
        private int targetPathX;
        // 二维码y轴位置
        private int targetPathY;
        // 字体类型
        private String fontType;
        // 字体样式
        private int fontStyle;
        // 字体大小
        private int fontSize;
        // 文字x轴位置
        private int writingPathX;
        // 文字y轴位置
        private int writingPathY;
    }
}